The Functional performance of prepositions in Arabic Grammar

الملخص

This study examines prepositions in Arabic grammar as essential grammatical elements in the construction of linguistic structures and the formation of meaning. It aims to explore the functional and semantic roles of prepositions in the Arabic sentence and to clarify their contribution to identifying the grammatical and semantic relationships among the components of the syntactic structure. The study adopts a descriptive- analytical approach by analyzing a number of linguistic examples drawn from the Holy Qur'an and selected Arabic texts in order to reveal the various functions performed by prepositions within linguistic contexts. The findings indicate that the role of prepositions is not limited to assigning the genitive case to the nouns that follow them; rather, they also contribute to the construction of meaning and the identification of semantic relations between sentence elements, such as relations of circumstance, causation, beginning, termination, and accompaniment. The study further demonstrates that linguistic context plays a significant role in determining the functional and semantic performance of prepositions within the sentence.