Study of the Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Rates of Chemical Reactions in Closed Systems

الملخص

This study aims to provide a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of the effect of temperature and pressure on the rates of chemical reactions in closed systems. The research problem lies in the complex interaction between these two variables within a constant‑volume environment, which leads to deviations from expected kinetic behavior and an increase in operational risks. The study adopted a descriptive‑analytical approach, developing a modified kinetic model that integrates the principles of Transition State Theory and the concept of activation volume (ΔV‡) to analyze kinetic data obtained from monitored reactions. The results confirmed the existence of a conditional correlation between pressure and temperature, showing that the increase in pressure resulting from elevated temperature contributes to accelerating the reaction due to the presence of a negative activation volume. The study identified the optimal operational range that balances maximum reaction rate with thermodynamic constraints, thereby preventing reactors from drifting toward undesirable equilibrium states. It recommends incorporating this advanced model into engineering simulation programs to enhance the efficiency and safety of chemical reactor operations in industry.